Description
The Comprehensive Heart Health Panel includes: A Lipid Panel is the standard and most commonly ordered cholesterol test. It measures Total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Triglycerides, and VLDL. A CRP High Sensitivity test measures a protein which can be a risk factor for events like a heart attack or stroke.
Our Cardiac Health Panel gives insight into how a patient’s genetic predisposition to cardiac problems can help healthcare providers optimize diagnosis and treatment. Cardiovascular disease is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality, with over 17 million deaths occurring annually worldwide. Risk increases in adults over the age of 60, and in part is attributable to inherited genetic makeup.
Cardiovascular disease – which includes coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, and atherosclerosis – is heavily influenced by factors such as insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and coagulation properties.
Many of these factors can be mitigated by lifestyle changes including smoking cessation, increasing aerobic exercise, and eating a well-balanced diet, which can reduce the risk of catastrophic events such as myocardial infarction, or ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. However, in some cases, particularly where family history of cardiovascular disease is prevalent, medications or more targeted lifestyle interventions are needed to better manage health outcomes.
Cardiac Health Panel Genetic Markers Include
TEST CATEGORIES | EFFECTS ON CARDIAC HEALTH |
---|---|
ApoE | Impacts management of cholesterol levels and risk of heart attack, stroke, hypertension, and coronary disease |
Factor II (Prothrombin) | Affects the body’s ability to form blood clots which is tied to the risk of many cardiovascular-related health outcomes |
Factor V | Enhances body’s coagulability which leads to thromboembolisms |
MTHFR | Contributes to increased levels of homocysteine, a known risk factor for heart disease, atherosclerosis, and peripheral neuropathy |
9p21 | Associated with cellular growth and proliferation in relation to atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness and coronary artery disease |
eNOS/NOS3 | Influences nitric oxide levels leading to risk of endothelial dysfunction, and many subsequent cardiovascular effects |
SLCO1B1*5 | Modulates the body’s ability to metabolize statin medications, which are commonly prescribed to improve cholesterol |
AGT | Key to maintaining blood pressure, patients who carry this mutation may be at an increased risk of developing hypertension |
For Cardiac Pharmacogenetics, these SNPs are ordered as part of our PGx Comprehensive panel:
CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, VKOPC1
Ideal Candidates Have The Following Symptoms or Conditions
- Treatment-resistant hypertension
- Poor control over cholesterol levels
- Personal history of angina, DVT, PE, CHF, MI or CVA
- Introduction of new statin medications
- Family history of cardiovascular disease
- Stroke or heart disease in the young
- Idiopathic cardiovascular disease
Scientific Resources
- Roberts R and Stewart A. 9p21 and the genetic Revolution for Coronary Artery Disease. Clinical Chemistry. 2012; 58(1):104-112.
- Catt KJ et al. Angiotensin II blood levels in human hypertension. The Lancet. 1971; 297:459-464.
- Wang WZ. Association between T174M polymorphism in the angiotensinogen gene and risk of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2013: 10:59-65.
- Cosentino F and Luscher TF. Maintenance of vascular integrity: role of nitric oxide and other bradykinin mediators. Eur Heart J. 1995; 16 Suppl K:4-12.
- Tesauro M et. Al. Intracellular processing of endothelial nitric oxide synthase isoforms associated with differences in severity of cardiopulmonary diseases: cleavage of proteins with aspartate vs. glutamate at position 298. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006:2832-2835.
- Wang M et al. Association of G894T polymorphism in endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene with the risk of ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis.Biomed Rep. 2013: (1)1:144-150.
- Refsum H et al. The Hordaland Homocysteine Study: A community-Based Study of Homocysteine, Its Determinants, and Associations with Disease. J Nutr. 2006; 136:1731S-174OS.
- Frost P et. Al. A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nat Genet.1995; 10-111-113.
- Cotlarciuc I et al. Effect of genetic variants associated with plasma homocysteine levels on stroke risk. Stroke. 2014; 45(7):1920-4.
- Weisberg I et al. A second genetic polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) associated with decreased enzyme activity. Mol Genet Metab. 1998; 64:169-72
- Poort SR et.al. A common genetic variation in the 3’-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood. Nov 15, 1996:88(10):3698-703.
- Simone B et al. Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with single and combined effects of Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin 20210A and Methylenetethraydrofolate reductase C677T: a meta-analysis involving over 11,000 cases and 21,000 controls. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013; 28(8):621-47.
- Gohil, R et al. The Genetics of Venous Thromboembolism: A meta-analysis involving 120,000 cases and 180,000 controls. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2009; 102: 360-370.
- Kujovich J et. al GeneReviews; 1999 “Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia”.
- Bertina RM et al. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature. 1994; 369(6475):64-7.
- Mahley RW et al. Apolipoprotein E: Far More Than a Lipid Transport Protein. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2000; 1:507-537.
- Howard BV et al. Association of Apolipoprotein E Phenotype with Plasma lipoproteins in African-American and White Young Adults. Am J Epidemiol. 1998: 148(9):859-868.
- Niemi M et al. Organic Anion Transporting Protein 181:a Genetically Polymorphic Transporter of Major Importance for Hepatic Drug Uptake. Pharm Review. 2011; 63(1): 157-181.
- Saita E et al. Anti-inflammatory Diet for Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease: Antioxidant Foods. Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology. 2014:8(S3) 61-65.
- Fan E, Zhang L, Jiang S, Bai Y. Beneficial effects of resveratrol on atherosclerosis. J Med Food. 2008;11(4):610-4.
- Hosogoe N et al. Add-on Antiplatelet Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid with Tailored Dose Setting in Patients on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy. Int Heart J. 2017 Ag 3; 58 (4): 481-485.
- Ho, H. T. et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effect of konjac glucomannan, a viscous soluble fiber, on LDL cholesterol and the new lipid targets non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017; 105(5):1239-1247.
- Zelman, K. April 07, 2016. Fiber: How Much Do I Need? WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/diet/guide/fiber-how-much-do-you-need#1. [2017,October 2]
- Nordmann A et al. Effects of Low-Carbohydrate vs Low-fat Diets on Weight loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166:285-293.
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.